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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">Les mystères de Roch Hachana</h1>
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<span class="article-header__byline" data-kid="193" data-author-bio="Freeman, Tzvi"><a title="Browse more articles by Freeman, Tzvi" href="/search/keyword_cdo/kid/193/jewish/Freeman-Tzvi.htm">par Tzvi Freeman</a></span>
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<meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage headline name" content="Les myst&#232;res de Roch Hachana - Mais qui est jug&#233; ce jour-l&#224;?" />
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<meta itemprop="description" content="C’est un cadeau du Ciel proprement emball&#233; avec du ruban, des ficelles et tout plein de nœuds. Chaque &#233;tape du d&#233;ballage entra&#238;ne une nouvelle d&#233;couverte, et chaque nouvelle d&#233;couverte d&#233;voile une sagesse toujours plus profonde..." />
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<p>Le judaïsme est plein de mystères. C’est un cadeau du Ciel proprement emballé avec du ruban, des ficelles et tout plein de nœuds. Et, en défaisant chaque couche de papier-cadeau, on trouve un nouveau mystère, un réseau toujours plus dense de nœuds à défaire et encore plus de ficelles à suivre indéfiniment. Chaque étape du déballage entraîne une nouvelle découverte, et chaque nouvelle découverte dévoile une sagesse toujours plus profonde.</p>
<p>Roch Hachana est l’un de ces grands mystères. Comment se fait-il que le début de l’année ait lieu le premier jour du septième mois ? Pourquoi sonnons-nous avec une corne de bélier et pourquoi conférons-nous à ce geste tellement d’importance ? Quel drame cosmique se joue en ce jour et quel est notre rôle dans tout cela ?</p>
<p>Le plus déconcertant est la réticence manifeste de la <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35052">Torah</span> à aborder le sujet. Elle s’exprime de façon cryptée, comme si elle évoquait des sujets que nous serions censés savoir sans qu’elle nous les ait apprises.</p>
<p><em>« Ce sera pour vous un jour de sonnerie, »</em><a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('1a565041');" name="footnoteRef1a565041">1</a> y lisons-nous. Sonnerie de quoi ? La <a href="/library/article_cdo/aid/1426382/jewish/Torah.htm" title="What Is the Torah?">Torah</a> ne le dit pas. Le Roi <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35331">David</span> écrivit dans ses Psaumes<em>, « Sonnez le Chofar à la nouvelle lune, lors de la dissimulation de notre fête. »</em><a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('2a565041');" name="footnoteRef2a565041">2</a> C’est ce verset qui constitue la seule et unique référence biblique qui corrobore notre tradition selon laquelle il ne s’agit pas de sonner de notre voix, ni d’une trompette, mais bien d’une corne de bélier.</p>
<p>Toutefois, un autre verset nous dit <em>« Ce sera pour vous un jour de souvenir de sonnerie. »</em><a class="footnote_ref" href="javascript:doFootnote('3a565041');" name="footnoteRef3a565041">3</a> Il ressort de ces mots que nous n’avons pas à sonner de quoi que ce soit, mais que nous devons uniquement nous souvenir. Et lorsque notre tradition s’attelle à résoudre cette contradiction, elle enseigne que D.ieu nous adresse cette demande : <i>« Récitez des versets de royauté devant Moi afin de faire de Moi votre roi. Récitez des versets de souvenir devant Moi afin que votre souvenir se rappelle à Moi. Et comment ? Avec le Choffar. »</i> Voilà une tradition qui, d’un premier abord, est bien déconcertante...</p>
<p>Et puis, comment savons-nous tout cela ? Et comment savons-nous que c’est le début de l’année ? Ce n’est mentionné nulle part dans les cinq livres de Moïse !</p>
<p>La réponse à ces interrogations est qu’en réalité il s’agit de quelque chose que nous avons toujours su. Nous le savons parce que, lorsque Moïse reçut la Torah, tout ceci lui fut transmis de façon claire et évidente et il nous relaya l’information, même s’il ne l’écrivit pas. Cela fait partie de la Torah Orale. Et, de toute façon, nous connaissions déjà Roch Hachana bien avant l’avoir reçu de Moïse. <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="33331">Abraham</span> avait reçu l’enseignement de Chem, le fils de Noé. Noé avait lui-même reçu celui de Métouchela’h (Mathusalem) qui avait étudié auprès d’<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35302">Enoch</span>. Et Enoch savait certainement ce qu’était Roch Hachana, car il tenait ses connaissances d’<span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="36413">Adam</span> lui-même, qui fut créé en ce jour.</p>
<p>Ainsi, Roch Hachana n’est pas seulement une fête juive. Roch Hachana est l’anniversaire de l’humanité.</p>
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<p>Un mystère est résolu et un autre apparaît. Parcourez l’ensemble du rituel de prière des Jours Solennels, vous ne trouverez aucune mention de la naissance d’Adam. Ce que vous trouverez est l’affirmation <i>« aujourd’hui le monde est né »</i>. Vous trouverez également cette phrase énigmatique, fréquemment répétée : <i>« Ce jour marque le début de Ton œuvre, en souvenir du premier jour. »</i></p>
<p>Ceci suggère une idée fascinante à laquelle le scientifique moderne pourrait adhérer : peut-être le cosmos n’est-il apparu que lorsqu’Adam ouvrit pour la première fois ses yeux pour observer et nommer chaque chose ? Après tout, la physique quantique et la cosmologie moderne n’enseignent-elles pas qu’il ne peut y avoir aucun évènement, aucun univers, sans un observateur ? L’univers commence ainsi avec la création de la première conscience humaine, <i>« et Il insuffla dans ses narines un souffle de vie, et l’homme devint un être vivant »</i>.</p>
<p>Idée fascinante, en effet, mais pas satisfaisante. Parce que le livre de la Genèse nous relate que Adam fut créé le sixième jour de la création : il y avait déjà un monde avant l’homme. Un monde, il est vrai, radicalement différent de celui que nous connaissons, dans lequel la matière, l’énergie, le temps et l’espace furent portés à l’existence et prirent forme. Un monde dans lequel les évènements se succédèrent à une rapidité que notre réalité ne connaît plus, où la simplicité évolua en complexité en quelques instants. Mais c’était néanmoins un monde. Pourquoi, alors, commémorons-nous Roch Hachana le jour anniversaire de la création d’Adam et pas six jours plus tôt, lors de l’anniversaire de la création du monde ?</p>
<p>Question classique.</p>
<p>Et la réponse classique est : parce que nous ne célébrons pas un anniversaire. <i>« Aujourd’hui, le monde est né »</i> signifie aujourd’hui, maintenant. Aujourd’hui, le monde renaît. Ce jour de Roch Hachana est <i>« le début de Ton œuvre »</i> et évoque la première fois où le monde fut fait. Sauf que la première fois, le monde fut créé « à titre gracieux ». Depuis lors, cela dépend de nous, l’humanité, les Adam. Et c’est pour cela que cela intervient le jour de notre anniversaire, à Roch Hachana. Nous naissons à nouveau et à travers nous renaît aussi tout le cosmos.</p>
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<p>Tout le cosmos est branché sur équipement respiratoire. Comme les pixels lumineux qui forment les lettres sur un écran, comme une image holographique plus vraie que nature : débranchez la prise et tout disparaît sans laisser de trace. Si D.ieu devait débrancher Sa création (ce qu’à D.ieu ne plaise), l’espace ne serait pas vidé, l’espace lui-même disparaîtrait. Le temps lui-même serait annulé – le monde n’aurait jamais existé, toute son histoire serait effacée. Il ne resterait rien, pas même une « mémoire morte ».</p>
<p>Il n’existe pas une seule particule dans notre univers qui assure sa propre existence. À chaque instant, l’univers tout entier avec tout ce qui s’y trouve palpite au rythme de l’énergie vitale qui le porte à l’existence. Notre planète est une pendule dont les pulsations sont rythmées par le cycle des instants, des jours, des mois et des années. À chaque instant, la vie requise pour cet instant surgit, est absorbée puis retourne à sa source. À chaque jour, à chaque mois son énergie. Le terme hébraïque qui désigne le mois est <i>‘hodech</i>, qui signifie renouvellement.</p>
<p>Mais le plus important renouvellement de vie est celui qui a lieu à Roch Hachana. C’est en effet le moment où l’ensemble de la vie de l’année précédente retourne à sa source et où une vie nouvelle, telle qu’il n’en a jamais existé auparavant, émerge du néant pour faire exister le monde pour une année entière.</p>
<p>La nature de ce nouveau flux d’énergie détermine toute la réalité, comme le poète du <i>Ma’hzor</i> l’écrit : « qui mourra et qui vivra. » Certaines années sont des années d’abondance, d’autres portent en elles des bénédictions plus fines, plus cachées. Il y a des années de joie et des années de défis.</p>
<p>Toutes les dimensions de la nouvelle année font leur entrée dans le monde au cours des 48 heures de Roch Hachana. C’est pour cette raison que chaque instant de ces 48 heures compte. Et c’est pour cela que nous l’appelons « Roch Hachana » – la « tête » de l’année et pas seulement « le jour de l’an » ou « la nouvelle année » : de la même manière que la tête contient un fusible neuronique pour chaque partie du corps, la tête de l’année est un concentré de toute l’année qui commence. C’est la porte par laquelle tout pénètre dans l’existence.</p>
<p>N’importe quel instant de Roch Hachana pourrait contenir le jour le plus important de votre nouvelle année.</p>
<p>Roch Hachana est, si l’on peut dire, le « canal de naissance » de la nouvelle année.</p>
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<p>N’est-il pas curieux, justement, qu’un chofar, avec son embouchure étroite et son ouverture élargie, ressemble à un canal de naissance ? Il se trouve que la Bible mentionne une femme de premier plan dont le nom avait la même étymologie : Chifra. Elle était la sage-femme des Hébreux qui ont fui l’Égypte et son nom signifie « rendre beau » et c’est ce qu’elle faisait : elle s’assurait que les bébés naissaient en bonne santé puis les langeait et les massait pour développer leur force et leur beauté.</p>
<p>Le chofar est la sage-femme de la nouvelle année. Son cri strident est le véhicule de toutes nos ferventes prières, de toutes nos larmes et de l’épanchement de nos âmes. Tout ce qui existe résonne de son appel jusqu’à atteindre le commencement de tout, la matrice cosmique. Et là, cet appel opère un changement : la Présence Divine passe de la transcendance à l’immanence, de la justice à la compassion. Le <span class="glossary_item" glossary_item="35113">Zohar</span> décrit cela en ces termes : <i>« Le chofar d’en bas éveille le chofar d’En-Haut et le Saint, bénit soit-Il, se lève de Son Trône de Jugement et s’assoit sur Son Trône de Miséricorde. »</i></p>
<p>Une nouvelle vie entre dans notre monde et prend sa première respiration. C’est aussi de notre propre vie qu’il s’agit, et elle est entre nos mains.</p>
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<p>N’est-il pas étrange qu’un être créé doive participer à sa propre création ? Imaginez un peu des personnages de dessin animé qui collaboreraient avec leur dessinateur sur leur propre image. Imaginez-les plaider auprès de la direction de la chaîne télévisée pour obtenir une meilleure diffusion de leur série pour la prochaine saison. Imaginez les produits de votre propre imagination qui vous disent ce que vous devriez imaginer.</p>
<p>Maintenant imaginez-nous, les créatures, plaidant auprès de notre Créateur, « Donne-nous la vie ! Une bonne vie ! De bonnes choses ! Sois ici, dévoile-Toi ! Implique-Toi plus dans Ta création ! »</p>
<p>Comment est-il possible qu’au plus profond de la Conscience Cosmique, là où est prise la décision de savoir si nous devons exister ou pas, que nous nous trouvions là à plaider et à participer à la prise de décision ? Il doit y avoir quelque chose en nous qui dépasse les limites de la création. Quelque chose d’éternel et de divin. Nous l’appelons « l’âme divine ».</p>
<p>C’est pour cela que nous pouvons appeler D.ieu aussi bien un roi qu’un père.</p>
<p>Il est un roi, au sens le plus absolu de la royauté, car c’est Lui qui détermine si nous allons exister ou non.</p>
<p>Il est un père, car il y a quelque chose de Lui en nous. Et c’est pour cela que nous pouvons prendre part à cette décision.</p>
<p>Et nous sommes son enfant. Un enfant n’est pas n’importe qui. Votre enfant, c’est vous. Et pourtant, votre enfant, ce n’est pas vous. C’est une personne à part entière. De la même manière, chacun d’entre nous possède une âme qui est le souffle de D.ieu à l’intérieur de nous. Nous sommes le point de tangence entre D.ieu et Son univers. C’est pour cela que nous sommes appelés Ses enfants et que nous L’appelons notre Père.</p>
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<p>S’il en est ainsi, alors, à Roch Hachana, D.ieu se met Lui-même en jugement.</p>
<p>Il tourne Son regard vers notre monde, ici-bas, et, je pense que vous êtes d’accord avec moi, le constat n’est pas toujours extraordinaire. Mais D.ieu n’est pas seulement au-dessus du monde. Il est également à l’intérieur. Il se trouve dans chaque atome de notre univers. Cependant, seule l’âme humaine à la possibilité de plaider en Sa faveur. Et c’est ce que nous faisons. Cela peut paraître bizarre, mais c’est ce qui se passe : Lui, tel qu’Il est en haut, s’assigne Lui-même, tel qu’Il est présent dans notre monde, en justice.</p>
<p>Quant à nous, nous sommes les avocats de la défense. Nous reconnaissons que tous Ses motifs de plainte sont justes et fondés. Nous plaidons coupable sur tous les chefs d’accusation. Mais nous exprimons des regrets sincères et déclarons que nous prenons sur nous de rectifier notre comportement et de faire de l’année qui vient une meilleure année – réellement meilleure – que celle qui s’achève. En premier lieu, nous prenons la ferme résolution d’avoir une expression exclusivement positive au sujet d’autrui et les bénissons en leur souhaitant une bonne et douce année. Car la façon dont nous jugeons les autres est celle dont nous serons jugés.</p>
<p>L’étincelle de D.ieu qui est en nous est reliée avec la lumière infinie de D.ieu qui est en haut. La boucle est bouclée est l’univers est rebooté avec un flux d’énergie pour toute l’année.</p>
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<div id="footnoteTR1a565041" class="footnote " group=""><a name="footnote1a565041" class="footnoteLink" href="#footnoteRef1a565041">1.</a><div class="footnoteBody ">
<p>Nombres 29,1.</p>
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<p>Psaumes 81,4.</p>
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<p>Lévitique 23,24.</p>
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Formidable! 
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Bar&#251;kh Hashem et joyeux Roch Hachana .
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Merci mille fois pour vos explications et surtout pour le d&#233;roulement en d&#233;tail des jours de f&#234;te.<br />Nous n&#39;avons pas toujours les connaissances des pratiques et vous nous permettez de respecter la halaha ce qui est une grande mitzva. <br />Vous pensez aux non initi&#233;s, aux femmes seules etc... alors MERCI 
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Epoustouflant !
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MERVEILLEUX 
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merci 
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Excellent ! Merci
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<span class="reader-name small_right_padding">Anonymous</span>
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<span class="comment-date" title="Thursday, September 22, 2011 4:01:00 PM">September 22, 2011</span>
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LUMINEUX!!
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